Contents:
T able 5. Number of impact events for rupture. Maximum force in each successive impact event for not-annealed NI and annealed AI gres.
Figure Impact curves of coupon NI3. Example of specimen failure: NI2 after four impacts. Materials , 11 , 12 of Once each impact is capable of inducing a certain amount of damage to the porcelain,. When annealed, gres depicts its peak force before 1 ms having also a more accentuated. Regular gres, as an example of its higher ductility, absorbs the impact with higher. In the terminal impact, all coupons present a behavior characterized by a high peak force followed.
Independently of. These curves describe. AI3 impacted specimens along with their comparison. Materials , 11 , 13 of Comparison of terminal impact curves for annealed A and not annealed NA specimens. In this way , through elementary physics, it is. Then, the difference in potential energy before. Values of energy absorbed calculated wer e Contact force variation due to energy dissipation between impacts events. The numerical replication of the drop-weight experiment, shown in Figure 15 , yielded accor ding.
Furthermore, the impact. In none of the cases, the computational model. Materials , 11 , 14 of The damage evolution is shown in Figure Confr ontat ion of nu meric al and ex perim ental c urve s for not a nneal ed and an neale d porc elain. Evolution of damage caused by the impactor in the form of an indentation on a 1 mm square. Materials , 11 , 15 of Knowing that annealing is generally considered as a thermal treatment used to improve. This could be.
Furthermore, the standard. Another explanation to this behavior can be found investigating the thermal cycle. For instance,. In this. This explanation is emphasized because dense ceramics must have a much slower cooling rate than. However, on the thermal cycle,. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, C.
V alidation, F. Draft Preparation, F. M and C. Ben-Dor, G.
Optimization of ballistic properties of layered ceramic armor with a. Based Des. Ferrari, L. Liedtke, V. Sandwich structured ceramic matrix composites with periodic cellular ceramic cores:. An active cooled thermal protection for space vehicles. W orld Production and Consumption of Ceramic Tiles. Available online: Dondi, M. The chemical composition of porcelain. Interceram , 48 , 75— T echnical considerations on porcelain tile products and their manufacturing process. Porcelain tile: Almost 30 years of steady. Romero, M. Relation between the microstructure and technological properties of porcelain.
A review. Richerson, D. Modern Ceramic Engineering: Properties, Processing, and Use in Design , 4th ed. CRC Press: Materials , 11 , 16 of V idr. Chemical tempering of porcelain. Leonelli, C. A microstructural approach. Delavi, D. Fernandes, M. Porcelain stoneware tile surface analysis by atomic force. Mahdi, O. Iribarren, V. Confort Demanda Energ. Frente Sist. Albert, E. Bianchi, C. Micro-sized TiO. A Chem. Da Silva, A. Photocatalytic Ceramic Tiles: Challenges and. T echnological Solutions. Fragassa, C. Limits in application of international standards to innovative ceramic solutions.
Kudryavtsev , O. Numerical simulations of ceramic target subjected to ballistic impact. Soraru, G. Mechanical durability of a polymer concrete: A Vickers indentation study of the. Determination of Modulus of Rupture and Breaking Strength ;. London, UK, Espinosa, H. Experimental observations and numerical modeling of. Hard Mater. Holmquist, T. A computational constitutive model for glass subjected to large strains,. Johnson, G. An improved computational constitutive model for brittle materials. AIP Conf. Materials , 11 , 17 of Ong, C.
Advanced layered personnel armor. Impact Eng. Ballistic impact simulation of an. T asdemirci, A. The effect of the interlayer on the ballistic performance of. Experimental and numerical study. Hazell, P. The design of mosaic armour: Krishnan, K. Numerical simulation of ceramic composite armor. Part B: Feli, S.
Part B Eng. Prakash, A. Cronin, D. Implementation and validation of. Users Conference, Ulm, Germany , 22—23 May ; pp. Quan, X. Numerical simulation of long rods. Response of silicon carbide to high velocity impact. Zinszner, J. Experimental and numerical analysis of the dynamic fragmentation. High strain rate properties and. Israel, 21—24 May Hallquist, J. Livermore, CA,. This article is an open access. CC BY license http: Citations 2. References Concerning stiffened plates, an analytical solution becomes practically unreachable, especially when the intent of the research involves the evaluation of a great number of scenarios.
Two computational models were developed, one for the non-stiffened plate used for simulating the reference plate, with no stiffeners and the other for stiffened plates used to simulate the geometrical configurations proposed by the constructal design method. Full-text available. Jan This work searched for the optimal geometrical configuration of simply supported stiffened plates subjected to a transverse and uniformly distributed load.
From a non-stiffened reference plate, different geometrical configurations of stiffened plates, with the same volume as the reference plate, were defined through the constructal design method. The optimum geometrical configuration of stiffeners is presented at the end of this work, allowing a reduction of Furthermore, power equations were adjusted to describe the deflections for each combination of longitudinal and transverse stiffeners as a function of the ratio between the height and the thickness of the stiffeners. Finally, a unique equation for determining the central deflections of the studied stiffened plates based only on the number of longitudinal stiffeners without significantly losing accuracy has been proposed.
The results were obtained using numerical simulations. At first, the computational model, developed in accordance with previous researches [22, [24] [25][26], was checked using two samples from literature: A brief characteristic of these cases is illustrated in Figure 1. Table 1. Comparison of the results present results and previous works [22, [24] [25][26] for the investigated case studies. Nov Ships are usually under vibration, impact, and other kinds of static and dynamic loads.
These loads arise from water flow across the hull or surfaces, the propeller cavitation, and so on. For optimal design purposes and reliable performance, experimental measurements are necessary. These sensors are often used under or near the water, working conditions that improve the risk of sensor damage.
This paper aims at investigating, by the use of finite elements, the behavior of damaged piezoelectric sensors under traction and impact loads. The numerical method was calibrated using results available in the literature regarding piezoelectric and elastic plates with a central crack. After calibration, the simulation was used on two types of Lead-Zirconium-Titanium oxide PZT sandwich panel structures reinforced by aluminum skins. The results proved that the damage size and impact energy are important factors affecting the response of piezoelectric sensors; therefore, special attention might be considered when using these sensors for marine applications.
Porcelain substantial manufactured through a quick firing method of quartz, kaolin clay, and feldspar blends is a non-equipoise. X-ray diversion displayed that models sintered collected of mullite, quartz, and glassy part. The manners of the fired models was estimated through measurements of porosity, linear shrinkage, microhardness and, bending strength. The linear shrinkage reduced and the porosity, bending strength, and microhardness increased with the increment in the temperature of sintering.
Challenges and Technological Solutions. Titania-functionalized ceramic tiles are gaining space on the market of the self-cleaning photocatalytic building materials after a decade of industrial attempts and investigation on different technological issues. The present paper overviews the latest research on photocatalytic ceramic tiles in terms of process parameters, durability, cleanability and photoactivity, addressing challenges and solutions reported by academic and industrial sources.
A special attention is paid to the superhydrophilicity and photocatalytic performance achievable on ceramic surfaces and their complex dependence on several factors titania crystalline phase, deposition technique; firing temperature; thickness, roughness, specific surface area of the photoactive film; and so on. In particular, the methods used to deposit the titania layer, its degree of adhesion and effects on tile appearance color, brightness, and roughness are reviewed.
Moreover, manufacturing a photocatalytic ceramic tile with a single firing step is still a challenge. Despite the international standards available on photocatalytic performance, the experimental parameters from one research to another may be quite different, therefore a performance comparison becomes virtually impossible. Nevertheless, among the available commercial products declared as photocatalytic ceramic tiles, just some of them revealed to be photoactive. Specific photoactivity measured as methylene blue MB degradation resulted typically in the 2.
Finally, the relationship of dye degradation with the self-cleaning property is also a question that remains unanswered. Pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites raise worrying questions because of their continuous release and lack of efficient removal by conventional wastewater treatments; therefore, they are being detected in groundwater, surface water and drinking water in increasing concentrations. Paracetamol and aspirin are two of the most commonly used drugs employed as fever reducer, analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
They and their metabolites are very often found in river water, so their degradation is necessary in order to render water suitable for human consumption. The photodegradation of two commonly used drugs, namely aspirin and paracetamol, was investigated both individually and as a mixture, in both deionized and tap water. The results reveal the full conversion of the drugs and the significant role of the photocatalytic tiles in the mineralization processes leading to harmless inorganic species.
In particular, the digitally printed tiles exhibited better photodegradation performance for both drugs compared to the spray deposited tiles. No deactivation was observed on both photocatalytic tiles. On the basis of generalization of the Florence model to several ceramic layers, it is proved that arranging the ceramic plates in order of increasing material density implies the maximum the ballistic limit velocity of the armor in comparison with other arrangements.
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