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The treated area became sufficiently translucent for the address to be readable. As of [update] there is no international standard for window envelopes, but some countries, including Germany and the United Kingdom , have national standards.
An aerogram is related to a lettersheet , both being designed to have writing on the inside to minimize the weight. Any handmade envelope is effectively a lettersheet because prior to the folding stage it offers the opportunity for writing a message on that area of the sheet that after folding becomes the inside of the face of the envelope. The "envelope" used to launch the Penny Post component of the British postal reforms of by Sir Rowland Hill and the invention of the postage stamp , was a lozenge-shaped lettersheet known as a Mulready.
This was a legacy of the previous system of calculating postage, which partly depended on the number of sheets of paper used. During the U. Civil War those in the Confederate States Army occasionally used envelopes made from wallpaper, due to financial hardship. A "return envelope" is a pre-addressed, smaller envelope included as the contents of a larger envelope and can be used for courtesy reply mail, metered reply mail , or freepost business reply mail. Some envelopes are designed to be reused as the return envelope, saving the expense of including a return envelope in the contents of the original envelope.
The direct mail industry makes extensive use of return envelopes as a response mechanism. Up until , all envelopes were handmade, each being individually cut to the appropriate shape out of an individual rectangular sheet. In that year George Wilson in the United Kingdom patented the method of tessellating tiling a number of envelope patterns across and down a large sheet, thereby reducing the overall amount of waste produced per envelope when they were cut out.
In Edwin Hill and Warren de la Rue obtained a patent for a steam -driven machine that not only cut out the envelope shapes but creased and folded them as well. Mechanised gumming had yet to be devised. The convenience of the sheets ready cut to shape popularized the use of machine-made envelopes, and the economic significance of the factories that had produced handmade envelopes gradually diminished.
As envelopes are made of paper, they are intrinsically amenable to embellishment with additional graphics and text over and above the necessary postal markings. This is a feature that the direct mail industry has long taken advantage of—and more recently the Mail Art movement. Custom printed envelopes has also become an increasingly popular marketing method for small business. International standard ISO defined It has since become a withdrawn standard.
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The German standard DIN defines a similar list of envelope formats. The designations such as "A2" do not correspond to ISO paper sizes. Often, North American paper jobbers and printers will insert a hyphen to distinguish from ISO sizes, thus: The No. Check out Central Mailing Services infographic here for the general sizes of envelopes in the United Kingdom. The first known envelope was nothing like the paper envelope we know of today. Hollow, clay spheres were molded around financial tokens and used in private transactions.
The two people who discovered these first envelopes were Jacques de Morgan , in , and Roland de Mecquenem , in Paper envelopes were developed in China, where paper was invented by 2nd century BC. In the Southern Song dynasty, the Chinese imperial court used paper envelopes to distribute monetary gifts to government officials. Prior to , hand-made envelopes were all that were available for use, both commercial and domestic. They were flat diamond, lozenge or rhombus -shaped sheets or "blanks" that had been precut to shape before being fed to the machine for creasing and made ready for folding to form a rectangular enclosure.
The edges of the overlapping flaps treated with a paste or adhesive and the method of securing the envelope or wrapper was a user choice. The symmetrical flap arrangement meant that it could be held together with a single wax seal at the apex of the topmost flap. That the flaps of an envelope can be held together by applying a seal at a single point is a classic design feature of an envelope.
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Nearly 50 years passed before a commercially successful machine for producing pre-gummed envelopes effectively as we know them today appeared. The origin of the use of the diamond shape for envelopes is debated.
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However, as an alternative to simply wrapping a sheet of paper around a folded letter or an invitation and sealing the edges, it is a tidy and ostensibly paper-efficient way of producing a rectangular-faced envelope. Where the claim to be paper-efficient fails is a consequence of paper manufacturers normally making paper available in rectangular sheets, because the largest size of envelope that can be realised by cutting out a diamond or any other shape which yields an envelope with symmetrical flaps is smaller than the largest that can be made from that sheet simply by folding.
The folded diamond-shaped sheet or "blank" was in use at the beginning of the 19th century as a novelty wrapper for invitations and letters among the proportion of the population that had the time to sit and cut them out and were affluent enough not to bother about the waste offcuts. Their use first became widespread in the UK when the British government took monopoly control of postal services and tasked Rowland Hill with its introduction.
The new service was launched in May with a postage-paid machine-printed illustrated or pictorial version of the wrapper and the much-celebrated first adhesive postage stamp: The wrappers were printed and sold as a sheet of 12, with cutting the purchaser's task. Known as Mulready stationery , because the illustration was created by the respected artist William Mulready , the envelopes were withdrawn when the illustration was ridiculed and lampooned.
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Nevertheless, the public apparently saw the convenience of the wrappers being available ready-shaped, and it must have been obvious that with the stamp available totally plain versions of the wrapper could be produced and postage prepaid by purchasing a stamp and affixing it to the wrapper once folded and secured. In this way although the postage-prepaid printed pictorial version died ignominiously, the diamond-shaped wrapper acquired de facto official status and became readily available to the public notwithstanding the time taken to cut them out and the waste generated.
With the issuing of the stamps and the operation and control of the service which is a communications medium in government hands the British model spread around the world and the diamond-shaped wrapper went with it. Hill also installed his brother Edwin as The Controller of Stamps, and it was he with his partner Warren De La Rue who patented the machine for mass-producing the diamond-shaped sheets for conversion to envelopes in Today, envelope-making machine manufacture is a long- and well-established international industry, and blanks are produced with a short-arm-cross shape and a kite shape as well as diamond shape.
The short-arm-cross style is mostly encountered in "pocket" envelopes i. The more common style, with the closing flap on a long side, are sometimes referred to as "standard" or "wallet" style for purposes of differentiation. The most famous paper-making machine was the Fourdrinier machine. The process involves taking processed pulp stock and converting it to a continuous web which is gathered as a reel.
Subsequently, the reel is guillotined edge to edge to create a large number of properly rectangular sheets because ever since the invention of Gutenberg's press paper has been closely associated with printing. To this day, all other mechanical printing and duplicating equipments devised in the meantime, including the typewriter which was used up to the s for addressing envelopes , have been primarily designed to process rectangular sheets.
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Hence the large sheets are in turn are guillotined down to the sizes of rectangular sheet commonly used in the commercial printing industry, and nowadays to the sizes commonly used as feed-stock in office-grade computer printers, copiers and duplicators mainly ISO, A4 and US Letter. Using any mechanical printing equipment to print on envelopes, which although rectangular, are in fact folded sheets with differing thicknesses across their surfaces, calls for skill and attention on the part of the operator.
In commercial printing the task of printing on machine-made envelopes is referred to as "overprinting" and is usually confined to the front of the envelope. If printing is required on all four flaps as well as the front, the process is referred to as "printing on the flat". Eye-catching illustrated envelopes or pictorial envelopes , the origins of which as an artistic genre can be attributed to the Mulready stationery — and which was printed in this way - are used extensively for direct mail. In this respect, direct mail envelopes have a shared history with propaganda envelopes or " covers " as they are called by philatelists.
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At the end of the 20th century, in , the digital printing revolution delivered another benefit for small businesses when the U. Postal Service became the first postal authority to approve the introduction of a system of applying to an envelope in the printer bin of a PC sheet printer a digital frank or stamp delivered via the Internet. With this innovative alternative to an adhesive-backed postage stamp as the basis for an Electronic Stamp Distribution ESD service, a business envelope could be produced in-house, addressed and customized with advertising information on the face, and ready to be mailed.
The fortunes of the commercial envelope manufacturing industry and the postal service go hand in hand, and both link to the printing industry and the mechanized envelope processing industry producing equipment such as franking and addressing machines. They are all four symbiotic: If fewer envelopes are required; fewer stamps are required; fewer franking machines are required and fewer addressing machines are required.
The advent of e-mail in the late s appeared to offer a substantial threat to the postal service. By letter-post service operators were reporting significantly smaller volumes of letter-post, specifically stamped envelopes, which they attributed mainly to replacement by e-mail. Although a corresponding reduction in the volume of envelopes required would have been expected, no such decrease was reported as widely as the reduction in letter-post volumes.
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Although, with regards to e-mail developments, there is a substantial threat of "technology replacing tradition". This is offset by the equal reasoning that the Universal Postal Union is an international specialised agency of the United Nations , and a source of revenue for the government. Consequently, any deterioration of domestic and international postal services attended by loss of revenue is a matter of governmental concern. A windowed envelope is an envelope with a plastic or glassine window in it. The plastic in these envelopes creates problems in paper recycling.
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