Contents:
Learn more at http: Multipack count as 1. Sun-Tues Fall into Savings Event! On Canon and Samsung Toner. Today Only Deal at Old Navy. See site for details. Limits of 2 or more on some deals. Read more about the program at https: Earn one point for every dollar you spend on non-prescriptions. Earn 25 points for every prescription you purchase. Member Benefits Level Status: Plus — up to Bronze — points Silver — points Gold — points.
Load, manage and redeem coupons with Load2Card.
Register Rewards on qualifying purchases. Free health and wellness reward at points with Silver status. Click here for more information: Shop the Sale Section at SallyBeauty. Get Free Shipping on all orders! Shop Jewlery now on Clearance at T. Shop now at T. Online only at T. Shop for Suitcases in Clearance at T. Save big on Home Clearance Items at T.
Costs below include Everyday savings. Join Balance Rewards to earn points on thousands of items, including every prescription and immunization. Purchase items in-store or online to earn points. Redeem points for dollar rewards that you can get instantly at the checkout. Click here to get enrolled: COM Get over coupons at Coupons.
Get them before they disappear! Get these coupons and more: Accumulate the savings and then send it to your PayPal account or other account. There is even a produce discount given with their Healthy offer of the week! Get a Freebie item when you have redeemed an eligible number of purchases per month. You just have to place order we will pick your cloth and after cleaning we will deliver to you save your time.
Techs bolster bicycle health through tune-up that includes wheel truing and frame cleaning. Adjustments of moving parts plus lubrication, wheel truing, inspection, and finishing wipedown. Techs aims to restore guitars that have major cosmetic damage or provide minor services like restringing instruments. Personal background check; criminal history; identity validation; address history; sex offender registry; watch list.
Daycare provider with over 13 years of experience offers innovative education, play, and safe environment for the youngest ones. Professionals take care of for kids during the day and aim to prepare them for school. Friendly, low-stress moving service that saves time, money, and sanity on local moves. Professional with 33 years of experience offers piano tuning that may help restore its old sound quality and prevent damage.
Bike repair experts handle issues ranging from broken spokes to derailleurs to a complete bike overhaul. No prereqs are necessary for any level of repair classes, which prepare cyclists for all manner of potential on-road and maintanence issues. It is important that no enclosure material emits corrosive volatiles consult Safe storage and display products. The following are some common options that have at least some barrier properties. Wrap silver in tissue paper before sealing inside a polyethylene bag.
Some are first protected with a layer of tissue paper and then covered with brown tarnish-preventing cloth inside the plastic wrap.
Enclosures can maintain microenvironments only if their seals are airtight: In the case of soft packaging like polyethylene or Escal bags, they must be sealed well enough so that, when squeezed slightly, one can feel the resistance of the trapped air. Generally, the best seals are made by heat-sealing; zipper-type seals or those made by folding and using adhesive tape may not be as tight. Containers with locking lids or compression seals can also achieve fairly good airtightness.
For display cases and storage cabinets, achieving low air infiltration means minimizing holes and cracks any crack or hole should be so tiny as to be difficult to see with the naked eye , plus having joints and gasketing close-fitting enough so that a normal sheet of paper cannot be slipped into any of the joints. Consult the vast literature on airtight display case designs that can be used to protect metal objects on display, for example Rimmer et al. Temperatures must remain constant in order to avoid affecting the RH inside an airtight enclosure.
Remove excess air if possible e. Desiccants, such as desiccated silica gel or other similar products Desi Pak, ProSorb , absorb moisture from the surrounding air. Hence, when they are added within a sufficiently well-sealed enclosure, they create low RH environments within it Figure To slow down corrosion, these iron objects are wrapped within zip-lock bags, then placed inside a gasketed plastic box containing desiccated silica gel at the bottom.
A pouch containing desiccated silica gel and an RH monitor card are placed on top. Examples of the use of tight enclosures with desiccants are provided under Preventive care measures for the Birks silver collection at the National Gallery of Canada and Caring for archaeological collections — Dry storage for corroding iron objects.
An anoxic environment, in which the oxygen is removed from the object's surroundings, is very effective in arresting corrosion and, in the case of extreme corrosion e. Specialized products are required, as discussed below. An Inuit copper chisel from an archaeological site in northern Canada is stored in a sealed Escal bag with an RP-A sachet oxygen absorber and desiccant. A disadvantage of wrapping and sealing objects for anoxic storage is the lack of physical access. Note that, whenever the bag is opened for access, the object is exposed to oxygen and not protected from further corrosion, and the anoxic environment is lost.
It is then necessary to replenish the bag with a new quantity of oxygen absorber before resealing it. Using pollutant sorbents products that absorb or adsorb one or more pollutants, also sometimes called scavengers within enclosures increases the level of protection against gaseous pollutants. The amount of sorbent required varies depending on the sorbent type and situation.
Sorbents become exhausted and need to be changed or regenerated after a certain period, depending on the emission rate of the internal source of pollution or on the rate of infiltration of external pollutants. To be efficient in reducing the level of pollutants, the sorbent must cover a large surface area within a display case, storage cabinet or any type of enclosure. There are typically two format types for these products: Activated charcoal and activated alumina products can also be impregnated with other active compounds such as potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate for better sorption or for increased efficiency in trapping various types of pollutants.
CCI Figure 55a. First, wrap each silver object in acid-free tissue paper. CCI Figure 55b. Once fully wrapped in tissue paper, the objects are then wrapped in Pacific Silvercloth and placed in a gasketed plastic box. CCI Figure 55c. The box is sealed. Label the box before storing to facilitate retrieval. A more costly solution to the passive systems microenvironments with desiccants is to use active mechanical systems that can achieve very low levels of dehumidification desiccation.
These systems are called "active" because they need a constant source of power for the machinery to work and maintain the required RH level; thus, a disadvantage is that they will fail during power outages. Some systems are designed for museum display cases e. CCI low RH control modules , others, for a whole room e. They can be set for whatever conditions are required e.
Using such systems requires space considerations to accommodate the unit within the display case base or within the room, as well as design considerations to hide the electrical power connections. The dehumidification unit should incorporate automatic drainage if applicable to reduce the otherwise frequent maintenance required. The area receiving the mechanical system's climate-controlled environment e. A discussion on an active low RH system for a vault is provided in Preventive care measures for the Birks silver collection at the National Gallery of Canada.
If metal elements that are part of a composite object corrode, the intimate contact of the metal and corrosion products can be harmful to the other components of the object. Sometimes, the combination of materials on the object inherently causes corrosion Figures 56a and 56b. Removing the corroding metal element is not always possible because of the construction of the object or because removal would affect the original integrity of the whole piece. A simple beneficial measure, which at least protects the organic components, is to insert an isolating interleaf barrier to prevent the corrosion from staining the materials it is in contact with.
Metal ions transferring onto organic materials can also further their degradation catalysis of oxidation reaction of cellulose and proteinaceous materials. Figures 56a and 56b. Cellulose nitrate button, front and back. The steel back Figure 56b is actively corroding because of the presence of corrosive nitrogen oxide gases emitted from the cellulose nitrate.
In this case, removing the metal from the rest of the button is not an option. If this button were on a costume, the corrosion products would stain and degrade the fabric. A simple solution is to insert a barrier interleaf layer between the button and the fabric. In the case of copper or its alloys that are part of a composite object, to prevent their corrosion when they are in direct contact with a material that contains fats, oils or waxes e.
The film must remain totally removable whenever necessary. For example, slip an interleaf of clear polyester film Melinex between the two Figures 57a and 57b. Consult a professional conservator for advice on cleaning. CCI Figure 57a. The green waxy products on the leather close to the spur are corrosion products resulting from the metal in contact with the leather. CCI Figure 57b. After surface cleaning, to prevent direct contact and future corrosion, an interleaf made of clear polyester film Melinex was slipped through a small strap onto the spur and placed in between the leather and the metal.
Organic coatings on metals oils, waxes, varnishes, lacquers, etc. This is why coatings applied as a protective layer fail especially outdoors and need to be reapplied on a regular basis. The application of a coating tends to be an insufficient remedy. Instead, it is preferable to deal with the real issue of the object being in an inhospitable environment a high RH and to find a solution that will permanently solve the problem.
In general, coatings are not recommended because of the difficulty of applying them evenly tiny imperfections may initiate corrosion or pitting and of removing them when, eventually, it is necessary to do so. The surface of this toy steam engine illustrates the fate of lacquers over time—the mostly dark areas are where the original lacquer has failed and a patina developed. The shiny gold-yellow areas are still intact because the original lacquer was brushed on in a particularly thick layer in these areas.
However, applying protective coatings to vulnerable objects may, in some instances, have net benefits; for example, they may be considered for metal objects on open display or those that are designated to be handled by visitors. Three types of coatings may be considered:. Polishing metals is a customary procedure for cleaning personal items; however, transferring domestic or commercial polishing techniques to museum objects can result in much damage.
It is important to realize that:. Detail showing the loss of the silver layer from a silver-plated copper tray that was caused by repeated cleaning with an abrasive polish. There is very little silver left on the highlights of the design: For more preservation strategies on water and RH, consult Agent of deterioration: For more preservation strategies on pollutants, consult Agent of deterioration: The following agents are risks to all objects in collections, including metal objects.
Consult Agents of deterioration for a broader selection of strategies that can be applied for each specific agent. Physical forces can damage metals, causing dents, distortions and even breakage Figure 60 if excessive forces are applied. Scratches and abrasion are other common forms of physical damage consult, for example, Polishing.
Soft metals gold, silver, lead, copper are especially vulnerable to dents, scratches and abrasion. Archaeological metals are often brittle due to the deterioration they have undergone during burial, so they can be prone to cracks and fractures. A decorative silver bowl. One of the ornamental pieces of foliage that was soldered onto the bowl's rim is now broken off. Thin fragile archaeological nails are nested within foam padding and stored individually in polystyrene boxes. Precious metals and valuable items jewellery, coins and collectibles are at risk of theft Figure 62 and so require enhanced measures to prevent this.
Small metal parts, including functional items such as screws or nuts and bolts, may sometimes be loose or insecurely attached to an object. When the object is handled or moved, these parts could be at risk of detaching and possibly becoming dissociated from the object. Consult CCI Technical Bulletin 17 Threaded Fasteners in Metal Artifacts for advice on preventing dissociation and ensuring that small metal parts on objects are well preserved. A historically counterfeited Spanish reales gold coin. Rather than being pure gold, the coin is gold-plated over a platinum core.
Low melting point alloys—such as pewter or lead-tin solders—are especially at risk in case of a fire. Higher temperatures increase the rate of chemical reactions, including corrosion reactions if other factors fostering corrosion are also present such as high RH. As noted under Keep relative humidity levels moderate and avoid damp , temperature has a large impact on RH and needs to be controlled in order to properly manage RH levels.
It must surely be a common problem. Old friends are coming for dinner and the silver candlesticks they gave us for a wedding present are about to be used for the first time in years. The relief of finally locating them quickly turns to dismay as we unwrap them and see Exposure to sulfur-containing gases has caused a thin film of silver sulfide to form on the surface, and the result is a dull lackluster finish Figure To restore the original brilliance of the silver, the sulfide film must be removed.
The author's wedding present candlesticks silver-plated zinc with gold highlights , before and after polishing. At the turn of the century an industrious homemaker published the following recipe for silver polish Hiscox The usual metal polishes, such as [ The opinion is still valid today. The only modification is the stipulation that the chalk be precipitated from solution rather than levigated ground into a fine powder. This stems from the fact that precipitation gives better control of the particle size than grinding and avoids the large particles that can leave behind visible scratches during polishing small particles also leave scratches, but if the particles are small enough, the scratches are invisible to the unaided eye.
One reason for the enduring use of chalk is that it is a soft material hardness about 3 on the Mohs scale. Harder abrasives such as pumice hardness about 6 on the Mohs scale remove more material with each stroke and so cause more damage: This is one case where time has simply polished the advice! The National Gallery of Canada NGC started collecting silver as early as and had acquired a modest number of objects by the time it received, in , a massive gift from the Henry Birks Collection of Canadian Silver that consisted of over pieces.
Since then, the NGC has continued to actively collect silver objects by acquiring key works, carefully chosen to complete and balance the existing historic collection and to expand it into the 20th century. Although important American and European pieces have been acquired as well, the NGC is known for its outstanding Canadian silver collection, the largest in Canada, of which the Birks donation still today forms its substantial core.
These wood cabinets, however, were far from being the ideal environment in which to store or display silver objects, which became quite evident in the form of a recurring need for silver cleaning. This posed a tremendous maintenance issue, considering the number of objects in this collection. Hence, the implementation of preventive conservation measures to reduce tarnishing was a pressing issue and, when planning began for a new purpose-built structure to house the NGC and its collections, the provision for new cabinets in a low RH storage vault, as well as new display cases, were identified as a high priority.
Specifications were developed and implemented in with the move into the current landmark building in Ottawa, on Sussex Drive Figure To ensure a largely contaminant-free environment throughout the museum's gallery spaces and storage vaults, the NGC uses a complex air handling system. The air supplied to the building is prefiltered before it passes through an additional bank of filters that consist of pleated particle filters and gas filters activated charcoal.
The air sent through the filtering system is a mixture of outdoor air and recycled indoor air, its ratio changing depending on outdoor temperature and visitor density. To determine the optimal ratio, carbon dioxide and dew point sensors are strategically placed throughout the galleries. The current system is a upgrade and is now fully automated and digitally controlled.
Indoor air quality tests are performed on a regular basis to assess and monitor the performance of the systems output, ensuring that both particle and gaseous contaminants of the air throughout the museum and storage vaults are maintained within the permissible levels.
While the above-described environment is ideal for most types of artworks, silver requires further measures.
Metal in general is most stable in low RH, and silver in particular requires enhanced dust and pollution control measures in addition to a low RH environment at a stable temperature in order to eliminate or drastically reduce the formation of tarnish silver sulfide. This requirement is especially important for silver because, unlike other types of metals, the intended and desired appearance of silver is usually that of a bright tarnish-free surface. Where tarnish is not prevented, the repeated removal of thin layers of silver sulfide, aside from being a costly maintenance issue, will result in surface loss over time, which can become evident in the loss of definition throughout decorative surface work.
As a result, it was necessary to implement further preventive measures to protect the NGC silver collection within the museum's ambient storage and display environment through the use of microclimates. When planning a separately controlled art storage vault, there are two approaches to consider: Depending on the use of the collection, one may choose one system over the other.
Graduate of: stuntmomfilm.com ( bytes) · E-mail the Director of Customer Relations CORPORATE OFFICE West Loomis Road - Greenfield, WI on $ Minimum order. Incoming orders only. Not valid with other offers. Carriage Cleaners Expires 3/15/ $7 Off. Dry Cleaning. on $ Minimum .
As the NGC silver collection is frequently accessed for study purposes, in-house installations, on-tour exhibitions and loans, it made most sense to condition the room itself. This allows for unhurried removal of art objects from the cabinets, as there are no worries of losing dry air from the cabinets since both the cabinets and the room are of the same conditioned air.
In addition, this option allows the objects to be left out on the table, in some cases for several days, permitting individual pieces to be studied by curators and scholars while remaining in their ideal environment. When choosing the RH set point for a metal storage vault, one must consider the secondary materials that may be stored in this room. Many secular or sacral silver pieces have knobs, handles or other decorative elements made from hygroscopic materials, such as ivory and wood.
The silver storage cabinets used in the vault are custom-built, made from steel with a powder coated baked polyester finish, which is non-reactive, solvent-free and emission-free. Large glass doors with minimal frames were chosen for optimal viewing of the cabinet's contents Figure The glass doors have no gaskets, but they are equipped with magnets to hold them closed before locking. View inside the NGC silver storage vault showing a row of cabinets.
Silver storage cabinet with glass door fully opened and two drawers pulled out. The cabinets are rather shallow 56 cm deep to avoid having too many rows of objects per shelf. This allows easy viewing and locating of individual objects and makes their retrieval more straightforward and, therefore, safer. To further reduce the chance of tarnish i. Special display cases were designed to allow the safe exhibit of the silver objects, a standard type and a system type with a motorized system that lifts the Plexiglas top.
Both the standard type and the system type display cases successfully provide secure, stable and dust-free enclosures in which a desired microclimate can be easily achieved and maintained Figure When choosing a particular paint formula, selecting one with a low volatile organic compound VOC count e. Many additives in paint are the source and cause of material deterioration, tarnish and corrosion. Therefore, it is recommended to consult the material safety data sheets under section 5, "Hazardous decomposition products" consult The MSDS: A Basic Guide for Users - Canadian WHMIS Version for more information when selecting a paint product, avoiding those that list silver-tarnishing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide or carbonyl sulfide.
The same applies in the selection of the MDF board, as some types of MDF contain a sulfur-based adhesive that can release harmful sulfur compounds. Acrylic latex paints and two-part epoxy resin spray paints take approximately four days to cure and another three to four weeks before most VOCs have evaporated. Consequently, before installing any works of art, most particularly silver, the following minimum time allowance must be scheduled for the necessary off-gassing:. To create a low RH environment for silver, the highly efficient and economical desiccant Desi Pak is used, as it exceeds the moisture vapour adsorption of regular silica gel.
In contrast to a chemically synthesized sorbent, Desi Pak contains bentonite, a volcanic ash weathering product consisting mainly of montmorillonite clay, a naturally occurring mineral. While it is supplied in various forms and sizes, the eight-unit non-woven polyethylene Tyvek bag has proven to be well suited for our display cases, as it fits easily into the perforated Plexiglas compartments of the system cases Figures 70 and 71 as well as under the deck or landscape blocks of the standard cases, where space is limited.
Depending on the leakage rate of a given display case and the RH level sought, the amount of Desi Pak required varies. However, as a rule of thumb, if the case is well sealed, one or two eight-unit bags of Desi Pak are sufficient to desiccate one cubic meter of enclosed air.
Placing small digital temperature and RH indicators inside the display case allows for easy monitoring. Compartment behind the trap door of a silver display case for the placement of controlling agents. To adsorb gases that cause the formation of tarnish, activated charcoal is added to each display case approximately g or 12 cartridges per cubic metre along with the desiccant Figure With this approach, the silver objects are maintained in a dry and pollution-free environment while on display.
Controlling agents used in NGC's standard and system display cases for silver—desiccant Desi Pak and activated charcoal in cartridge form. These high performing display cases continue to be used in the European galleries. However, since June , as part of the major redesign of the Canadian and Indigenous Galleries, which introduced a new aesthetic and reconfiguration, the silver objects are now shown in new high-tech custom-built display cases, such as free-standing, wall-mounted and inset-type vitrines Figure The powder coated steel and anti-reflective glass Groglass Artglass AR Protect construction provides a pollution-free environment with a superior clarity for viewing.
Depending on the style, the controlling agents desiccant and activated charcoal are fitted into compartments situated either under or along the sides of the cases Figure The desiccant, in the form of Desi Pak, has been maintained in the same ratio as with the previous display cases, while the charcoal cartridges have been replaced with custom-sewn Reemay non-woven polyester fabric bags containing 4 mm pellet activated carbon charcoal virgin coal Figure The recommended quantity, based on an air exchange rate of 0.
The motivation to change to charcoal pellets is that of cost-effectiveness, as some of our new cases are very large, requiring a large quantity of controlling agents for up to 8 cubic metres of display volume. National Gallery of Canada's new silver inset display case. Compartment for controlling agents along the sides of the display case. Custom-sewn Reemay non-woven polyester fabric bags containing 4 mm pellet activated carbon charcoal. As time has shown, the Pacific Silvercloth liners in storage as well as the controlling agents desiccants and activated charcoal in the well-designed and air-tight standard and system display cases perform at full capacity up to 10 years before they need to be replaced.
Together with the building's air filtration system and RH control, the environment created forms the basis of preventive care for silver. Consequently, in the course of the past 25 years, the need for cleaning objects from the NGC silver collection has become nearly obsolete, and maintenance needs shifted from very high to very low. Performance statistics continue to be collected with the new glass display vitrines, and similar results are expected. Consult Caring for archaeological collections — Dry storage for corroding iron objects to learn how to create a dry microenvironment storage solution for such objects.
An anoxic microenvironment was used to stop the process of deterioration of an archaeological metal object called the Ferryland Cross. Learn more about it in Caring for archaeological collections — Using an anoxic atmosphere to save the Ferryland Cross. Lead corrodes in the presence of acetic acids. Visit Agent of deterioration: Recognizing metals and their corrosion products.
Canadian Conservation Institute, n. Care of Objects Made of Zinc , revised. Canadian Conservation Institute, Henley Publishing Company, Current Trends and Future Directions. BAR International Series Recognizing Active Corrosion , revised. Storage of Metals , revised. Care and Cleaning of Iron , revised. National Park Service, Caring for Historic Longarms: American Institute for Conservation,